Abstract
In this study, ferrate was synthesized and applied as a green and multi-purpose agent for simultaneous coagulation, oxidation, and disinfection to remove turbidity, TSS, COD, UV254, and pathogens from Hau River water. Statistical analyses showed that pH, ferrate dose, and their interaction significantly affected the removals of turbidity, COD, UV254, and coliforms. While ferrate provided the highest removal efficiencies of disinfection, COD, and UV254 at low pH (pH 5), suggesting its role in the oxidation process, it is necessary to raise pH (pH 9) to achieve high turbidity removal via sweep flocculation. The single use of ferrate at pH 5 and 5 mgFe/L resulted in the removal efficiencies of 75% of turbidity, 92% of COD, and 100% of coliforms. The combination of ferrate with alum (2.5 mgFe/L, 8 mgAl/L, and pH 7) followed by sand filtration achieved 95% removal of COD and 100% removal of both turbidity and coliform.
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