Fermi-LAT Observations of LIGO/Virgo Event GW170817

M Ajello,E Hays,E J Siskind,F De Palma,M N Mazziotta,F Piron,J D Magill,D Dumora,C C Cheung,J Bregeon,C Favuzzi,P Lubrano,N Omodei,N Giglietto,S Funk,S Buson,G Barbiellini,S Razzaque,R Rando,S Ciprini,R Bellazzini,F D’Ammando,S Rainò,E Torresi,A K Harding,E Moretti,E C Ferrara,A Franckowiak,E Cavazzuti,S Cutini,M Pesce-Rollins,E Orlando,M Razzano,I A Grenier,P Fusco,F Loparco,M Palatiello,F Longo,D Kocevski,J G Thayer,E Bottacini,L Latronico,J Cohen-Tanugi,S Kensei,J B Thayer,B Berenji,M Giroletti,P A Caraveo,M E Monzani,R Caputo,J M Casandjian,I V Moskalenko,S Maldera,L Guillemot,E D Bloom,V Petrosian,G La Mura,J F Ormes,F Spada,E Bissaldi,C Sgrò,T Glanzman,J L Racusin,R D Blandford,A Cuoco,R Ojha,R Bonino,D J Suson,S Ritz,M N Lovellette,T Kamae,M Axelsson,D Green,F Ryde,F Gargano,P F Michelson,E Nuss,P M Saz Parkinson,P Spinelli,F Giordano,T A Porter,G Chiaro,J Chiang,R Dubois,A Morselli,G Vianello,D Paneque,D Gasparrini,D Horan,A Allafort,A Chekhtman,T J Brandt,D F Torres,D Bastieri,R A Cameron,D Tak,G Tosti,R Buehler,G Spandre,E Troja,H Tajima,T Mizuno,T H Burnett,L Di Venere,S Guiriec,M Kuss,D Costantin,G Jøhannesson ,José Manuel Valverde ,Alberto Manfreda ,Michela Negro ,Matthew G Baring ,L Cominsky ,Giacomo Principe ,K S Wood ,Masaaki Takahashi ,А А Моисеев ,Vaidehi S Paliya ,Niccolò Di Lalla ,Ramandeep Gill ,Pascal Bruel ,Jian Li ,Tonia M Venters ,A Reimer ,M.‐H Grondin ,Jonathan Granot ,M Peršić ,Yasushi Fukazawa ,Chong Yang ,Fumiya Imazato ,Mattia Di Mauro ,Lynn Rochester ,Stefan Larsson ,Luca Baldini ,Gabrijela Zaharijaš

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aac515

Abstract

Abstract We present the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) observations of the binary neutron star merger event GW170817 and the associated short gamma-ray burst (SGRB) GRB 170817A detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor. The LAT was entering the South Atlantic Anomaly at the time of the LIGO/Virgo trigger (t GW) and therefore cannot place constraints on the existence of high-energy (E > 100 MeV) emission associated with the moment of binary coalescence. We focus instead on constraining high-energy emission on longer timescales. No candidate electromagnetic counterpart was detected by the LAT on timescales of minutes, hours, or days after the LIGO/Virgo detection. The resulting flux upper bound (at 95% C.L.) from the LAT is 4.5 × 10−10 erg cm−2 s−1 in the 0.1–1 GeV range covering a period from t GW + 1153 s to t GW + 2027 s. At the distance of GRB 170817A, this flux upper bound corresponds to a luminosity upper bound of 9.7 × 1043 erg s−1, which is five orders of magnitude less luminous than the only other LAT SGRB with known redshift, GRB 090510. We also discuss the prospects for LAT detection of electromagnetic counterparts to future gravitational-wave events from Advanced LIGO/Virgo in the context of GW170817/GRB 170817A.

Highlights

Short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) have long been thought to be associated with the coalescence of binary compact objects, such as members of neutron star–black hole (NS–BH) and neutron star–neutron star (NS–NS) systems (Paczynski 1986; Eichler et al 1989; Paczynski 1991; Narayan et al 1992)
We present the Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) observations of the first confirmed Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO)/Virgo binary neutron star merger event
Because the LAT was entering the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) at the time of the LIGO/Virgo trigger, we cannot place constraints on the high-energy (E > 100 MeV) emission associated with the moment of binary coalescence

Summary

Introduction

Short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) have long been thought to be associated with the coalescence of binary compact objects, such as members of neutron star–black hole (NS–BH) and neutron star–neutron star (NS–NS) systems (Paczynski 1986; Eichler et al 1989; Paczynski 1991; Narayan et al 1992) This connection arises from considerations of their duration (Norris et al 1984; Kouveliotou et al 1993), redshift (Berger 2014a), and host galaxy distributions (Troja et al 2008; D’Avanzo et al 2009; Fong & Berger 2013).

LAT Observations of GW170817

GRB 170817A in the Context of Other LAT Detected SGRBs

Prospects for Future LAT Detections and Sensitivity Study

Findings

Summary