Abstract
The fermentation of natural plants has a favorable effect on the functional and biological activities of living systems. These include anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-platelet aggregation activities. This is attributed to the chemical conversion of the parent plants to functional constituents, which show more potent biological activity. In our study, rice bran along with oriental medicinal plants (Angelicae gigantis, Cnidium officinale, Artemisia princeps, and Camellia sinensis) was fermented by Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Pichia deserticola (FRBE). We evaluated the effects of oral administration of FRBE on atopic dermatitis in 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB)-treated NC/Nga mice. FRBE significantly ameliorated the macroscopic and microscopic appearance of skin lesions in DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis and reduced levels of serum immunoglobulin E and the differential white blood cell count. In addition, it reduced skin thickness compared to that of atopic dermatitis-affected skin. FRBE treatment also reduced mast cell incorporation in skin lesions of atopic dermatitis. The total cell number in dorsal skin tissue and the axillary lymph node increased following DNCB application, and this was normalized by FRBE treatment. Moreover, it decreased the levels of CD8+ helper T cells and Gr-1+/CD11b+ B cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and skin lesions in DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, we demonstrated that FRBE significantly inhibited mRNA expression of cytokines (e.g., interleukin-5 and interleukin-13) and cyclooxygenase-2 in AD skin lesions. These results suggest that FRBE could be a valuable herbal remedy for the treatment of atopic dermatitis.
Highlights
In the extensive globalization of today's world, human predisposition to allergic diseases that are the consequences of advanced industrialization is an inevitable reality
Effects of fermented by Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Pichia deserticola (FRBE) on atopic dermatitis (AD) macroscopic lesions Since AD lesions have the most prominent effect on the skin i.e. pruritus and itching, our first goal was to determine the effects of orally administered FRBE (300 mg/kg) on AD skin lesions
We inferred that FRBE efficiently reverses debilitating AD skin lesions
Summary
In the extensive globalization of today's world, human predisposition to allergic diseases that are the consequences of advanced industrialization is an inevitable reality. AD originates from multiple sources including those originated from genetic and environmental roots[1] It is a relapsing and chronic disease that affects almost 20% of children. The acute eczematic form of dermatitis is an outcome of the differentiation of Th2 cells into naïve CD4 + cells, which causes an aberrant increase in the production of interleukins (ILs), IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. This rise in the level of cytokines increases the levels of serum IgE. The skin barrier hypothesis claims that the pathophysiology of AD is a result of mutational changes in the filaggrin gene of affected individuals. The environmental allergens penetrate the skin and cause itching, rashes, and later allergic diseases[4]
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