Abstract
BackgroundThis study investigated the effect of fermented milk supplementation on glucose metabolism associated with muscle damage after acute exercise in humans.MethodsEighteen healthy young men participated in each of the three trials of the study: rest, exercise with placebo, and exercise with fermented milk. In the exercise trials, subjects carried out resistance exercise consisting of five sets of leg and bench presses at 70–100% 12 repetition maximum. Examination beverage (fermented milk or placebo) was taken before and after exercise in double-blind method. On the following day, we conducted an analysis of respiratory metabolic performance, blood collection, and evaluation of muscle soreness.ResultsMuscle soreness was significantly suppressed by the consumption of fermented milk compared with placebo (placebo, 14.2 ± 1.2 score vs. fermented milk, 12.6 ± 1.1 score, p < 0.05). Serum creatine phosphokinase was significantly increased by exercise, but this increase showed a tendency of suppression after the consumption of fermented milk. Exercise significantly decreased the respiratory quotient (rest, 0.88 ± 0.01 vs. placebo, 0.84 ± 0.02, p < 0.05), although this decrease was negated by the consumption of fermented milk (0.88 ± 0.01, p < 0.05). Furthermore, exercise significantly reduced the absorption capacity of serum oxygen radical (rest, 6.9 ± 0.4 μmol TE/g vs. placebo, 6.0 ± 0.3 μmol TE/g, p < 0.05), although this reduction was not observed with the consumption of fermented milk (6.2 ± 0.3 μmol TE/g).ConclusionThese results suggest that fermented milk supplementation improves glucose metabolism and alleviates the effects of muscle soreness after high-intensity exercise, possibly associated with the regulation of antioxidant capacity.
Highlights
This study investigated the effect of fermented milk supplementation on glucose metabolism associated with muscle damage after acute exercise in humans
We have shown that Lactobacillus helveticus– fermented milk prevents muscle damage induced by acute exercise via activation of antioxidative enzymes of skeletal muscle in an animal study [20], suggesting that fermented milk may prevent the impairment of glucose metabolism associated with muscle damage
Muscle damage parameters and blood lactate The level of blood lactate was markedly increased immediately after exercise, but there were no significant differences in blood lactate levels between the placebo and fermented milk trials
Summary
This study investigated the effect of fermented milk supplementation on glucose metabolism associated with muscle damage after acute exercise in humans. The exercise-induced muscle damage is caused by several factors, including mechanical stress, calcium accumulation, and oxidative stress [1,2,3,4]. It has been reported that oxidative stress and certain inflammatory cytokines impair glucose uptake via inactivation of insulin signaling pathways in muscle cells [7,8,9]. Infiltration of phagocytes into the damaged muscle is observed after strenuous exercise and an inflammatory response is implicated in the development of delayed-onset muscle damage [2,10]. Inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress can decrease insulin-dependent glucose uptake in exercise-induced damaged muscles [11]. We hypothesized that the decrease of glucose metabolism associated with muscle damage may be prevented by the suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress
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