Fermented milk containing Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei CNCM I-1518 reduces bacterial translocation in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride

Elisabet Sánchez,Candido Juárez,Silvia Vidal,Juan C Nieto,Pau Sancho-Bru,Chaysavanh Manichanh,German Soriano,Francesc J Sancho,Beatriz Mirelis,Carlos Guarner,Xavier Martinez,Alba Santiago,Helena Corominola

doi:10.1038/srep45712

Abstract

Probiotics can prevent pathological bacterial translocation by modulating intestinal microbiota and improving the gut barrier. The aim was to evaluate the effect of a fermented milk containing Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei CNCM I-1518 on bacterial translocation in rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced cirrhosis. Sprague-Dawley rats treated with CCl4 were randomized into a probiotic group that received fermented milk containing Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei CNCM I-1518 in drinking water or a water group that received water only. Laparotomy was performed one week after ascites development. We evaluated bacterial translocation, intestinal microbiota, the intestinal barrier and cytokines in mesenteric lymph nodes and serum. Bacterial translocation decreased and gut dysbiosis improved in the probiotic group compared to the water group. The ileal β-defensin-1 concentration was higher and ileal malondialdehyde levels were lower in the probiotic group than in water group. There were no differences between groups in serum cytokines but TNF-α levels in mesenteric lymph nodes were lower in the probiotic group than in the water group. Fermented milk containing Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei CNCM I-1518 decreases bacterial translocation, gut dysbiosis and ileal oxidative damage and increases ileal β-defensin-1 expression in rats treated with CCl4, suggesting an improvement in the intestinal barrier integrity.

Highlights

The mechanisms proposed to explain pathological bacterial translocation include alterations in gut microbiota, impaired intestinal barrier, and altered immune defenses[1,2,3]
Lactobacillus GG13 and Lactobacillus johnsonii La122 failed to show a benefit in bacterial translocation, other studies observed a reduction in bacterial translocation and proinflammatory state after treatment with Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum CECT7765 in Balb/c mice[10] and a multispecies probiotic combination in Sprague-Dawley rats[9]
The main finding in this study was that probiotic treatment with fermented milk containing Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei CNCM I-1518 decreased bacterial translocation in rats treated with CCl4

Summary

Introduction

The mechanisms proposed to explain pathological bacterial translocation include alterations in gut microbiota, impaired intestinal barrier, and altered immune defenses[1,2,3]. Probiotics are living organisms that produce a beneficial effect to the host when administered in a sufficient amount[19] They can prevent bacterial translocation by decreasing intestinal bacterial overgrowth and improving intestinal barrier and immune disturbances[20,21]. Lactobacillus GG13 and Lactobacillus johnsonii La122 failed to show a benefit in bacterial translocation, other studies observed a reduction in bacterial translocation and proinflammatory state after treatment with Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum CECT7765 in Balb/c mice[10] and a multispecies probiotic combination in Sprague-Dawley rats[9] These favourable results seem to be a consequence of an improvement in the intestinal barrier[9,10]. Actimel (Danone, Palaiseau, Cedex, France) is a commercial dairy product widely used in humans that contains fermented milk with L. paracasei subsp. paracasei CNCM I-1518, in addition to the yogurt bacteria Streptococcus thermophilus and L. bulgaricus, and vitamins B6 and D

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Conclusion