Fermented Deer Blood Ameliorates Intense Exercise-Induced Fatigue via Modulating Small Intestine Microbiota and Metabolites in Mice.

Jingwen Cui,Ke Ning,Peibin Xia,Hongyu Xiang,Chao Shi,Qiuhong Xie

doi:10.3390/nu13051543

Abstract

Intense and excessive exercise-induced fatigue has become an important health issue and can damage intestinal health. Deer blood, as a food byproduct with nutritional value, has been found to restore physical strength. However, little is known about the antifatigue effect of fermented deer blood (FDB) on intense exercise mice. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the antifatigue effect of FDB, and whether this effect is correlated with the altered small intestinal microbiota and metabolites in exercise mice. In this study, 5-week-old male C57BL/6J mice are given treadmill exercise with or without FDB supplementation (30 and 150 mg/kg/d) for 3 weeks. FDB significantly reduces metabolic byproduct accumulation, liver and intestinal damage, and enhances glycogen storage and antioxidant capacity in intense exercise mice. Moreover, FDB restructures the small intestinal microbiota by increasing the abundance of probiotics and butyric acid producing bacteria and decreasing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria. FDB also regulates the levels of metabolites involved in TCA cycle and amino acid metabolism in urine and small intestine content. Correlation analysis shows that FDB-modulated microbiota is highly associated with its antifatigue effect. FDB may ameliorate fatigue and intestinal injury through targeting small intestinal microbiota.

Highlights

With the improvement of living standards, more and more people are concerned about healthy lifestyles
Anaerobic metabolism will produce lactic acid (LA), and its accumulation leads to low metabolic efficiency
The results suggested that fermented deer blood (FDB) could significantly improve glycogen storage and blood glucose balance, and reduced the accumulation of LA and BUN

Summary

Introduction

With the improvement of living standards, more and more people are concerned about healthy lifestyles. Physical exercise has a positive impact in reducing and managing the risk of a range of chronic diseases, mental health, and life expectancy [1]. Many studies have confirmed that exerciseinduced fatigue can induce intestinal barrier damage and changes in intestinal microbial composition in mice [4,5]. The altered composition of the gut microbiota has been reported to cause chronic fatigue syndrome or myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS or ME) [6,7,8]. A critical and unanswered question is whether intense exercise has a significant impact on the small intestinal microbiota, which has profound effects on various aspects of host physiology, including immune, metabolic, and endocrine functions [12,13]

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