Abstract
In a previous study, we found that Lactobacillus curvatus HY7602-fermented antler (FA) improved exercise endurance by increasement of muscle mass and strength in a young mouse model. In this study, we investigated the effect of FA on recovery of muscle mass and strength in aging-induced muscle loss. We have used a middle-aged model in which muscle decline begins in many mammalian species. All mice performed treadmill exercise and forced swimming, and measured muscle grip strength. Then, calf muscle weight and histological analysis, blood biomarker and gene expression in soleus muscle tissue were measured. Muscle strength and forced swimming time were significantly increased in the FA-intake groups compared to controls. The levels of muscle and liver damage-related indicators (ATL, ALP, LDH and CK) and muscle endurance, fatigue and exercise performance-related indicators (lactate and creatinine) were significantly improved by FA supplementation. In addition, FA regulates genes related to muscle protein degradation (Atrogin-1 and MuRF1) and muscle fiber synthesis (MyoD and Myf5), resulting in increased muscle mass, and fiber diameter and area values. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, related to apoptosis in skeletal muscle was significantly decreased. These results demonstrate that FA improves exercise performance with ameliorating blood biomarkers and also increases muscle mass and muscle strength by inhibiting muscle proteolysis and promoting muscle synthesis in a middle-aged mouse.
Highlights
Deer antlers, a rare example of an organ that is regenerated annually, have been traditionally used for health promotion purposes in Korea, Japan and China
We studied fermented antler, which is a functional ingredient that has been traditionally widely used in Korea and China, and has reported that exercise performance of young mice improved through the antler fermentation process [2]
It could be seen that antler fermented with lactic acid bacteria contributes to the recovery of muscle mass and strength in middle-aged mice, which lose muscle strength with age
Summary
A rare example of an organ that is regenerated annually, have been traditionally used for health promotion purposes in Korea, Japan and China. Sarcopenia, the progressive loss of muscle mass due to aging, causes various negative health phenomena (reduction in exercise performance, weight gain, falls and osteoporosis, quality of life, etc.). A decrease in muscle mass and its function leads to reduced physical activity, leading to a progressive decline of energy consumption, weight gain and obesity. This phenomenon, in turn, promotes the secretion of inflammatory cytokines that negatively affect muscle cells, resulting in aggravation of sarcopenia [10]
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