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Abstract
Cell free supernatant containing short chain fatty acid (SCFA) resulted from fermentation of resistant starch type three (RS3) by Clostridium butyricum BCC B2571 or Eubacterium rectale DSM 17629 were investigated for their ability to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of human colon cancer cell line HCT-116. HCT-116 was cultured in complete medium and after 50% confluent, incubation was continued for another 48 hours in the absence or presence cell free supernatant containing SCFA mixture at butyrate levels up to 10 mM. The study revealed that the proliferation inhibition effect was higher (>80%) on HCT-116 treated with supernatant of C. butyricum BCC B2571 than that (<70%) of HCT-116 treated with supernatant of E. rectale DSM 17629. The cells were induced to undergo apoptosis by both supernatant. The apoptosis occured through mitochondrial pathway by changing the expression of gene Bcl-2 and Bax, thus incresed the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio by more than 3.5 fold. The protein caspase-3 was increased by more than 250% in the presence of the cell free supernatant.
Highlights
Cancer is common term for a malignant cellular growth that tends to spread due to the inability of the Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) to respond to the normal physiologic stimuli
The inhibition was lower when HCT-116 was treated with short chain fatty acid (SCFA) in bacterial supernatant of C. butyricum BCC B 2571 compare with that treated with SCFA in bacterial supernatant of E. rectale DSM 17629
The B-lymphoma Cell 2 (Bcl-2) and B-associated X protein (Bax) massenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) were expressed in different pattern by HCT-116 upon treatment with the bacterial supernatant consisted of SCFA
Summary
Cancer is common term for a malignant cellular growth that tends to spread due to the inability of the DNA to respond to the normal physiologic stimuli. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is cancer cell that grows in colon/rectum. According to the global statistic cancer data, CRC is the third most common cancer with over 1.2 million new cases in 2008 or approximately 9.8% of the world total new cases [1]. Tween 5% to 10% of colorectal cancer are consequences of recognised hereditary conditions. The remaining of CRC cases have been attributed to food, nutrition and physical activities [2]. Development of cancer is a complex, multi step processes that seem to progress for an extended of time. Substantial effort has been made to develop functional food ingredients such as resistant starch (RS) that could inhibit, delay or reverse the multistages carcinogenesis
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