Fermentation Kinetics, Potability, and Sensory Compounds of Joubidwi: An Ethnic Alcoholic Beverage

Abstract

Background: Fermentation is a metabolic pathway of the breakdown of carbohydrate molecules like glucose, fructose to ethanol and various volatile and non-volatile congeners. The production of alcoholic beverages from foodstuffs like rice, cereals, fruits, maize etc., is an age-old traditional protocol. In this study, we adapted the traditional protocol of preparation of the ethnic beverage Joubidwi, with a fermentation time of 6 days, i.e., aliquots from the fermented mash (cooked rice) were collected on a daily basis from day 1 to day 6. Objectives: This study aimed to get insight into fermentation kinetics, ethanol content, carbohydrate content, antioxidant activities, bitterness, protein content, pH, colour, and turbidity of the ethnic alcoholic beverage Joubidwi and to identify the sensory compounds and polyphenol molecules. Method: UV-Visible spectroscopic methods, GC-FID and GC-MS analytics methods were used for the estimation and identification of carbohydrates, proteins, ethanol contents, and sensory compounds, respectively. Reverse phase HPLC was adapted for the identification of polyphenol molecules in Joubidwi. Results: A pseudo-first-order fermentation kinetics was observed from day 1 to day 6 fermentation of Joubidwi. Apart from ethanol content (60.48 ± 1.36 mg/mL after 72 h fermentation to 78.80 ± 1.48 mg/mL after 144 h fermentation), the beverage had nutritional values and good antioxidant properties with 22.38 to 35.11% Radical Scavenging Effect (RSE) from 1 to 6th day of fermented Joubidwi. The beverage also contained 12 sensory compounds. Gallic acid was identified as polyphenol in Joubidwi samples. Conclusion: Joubidwi is an alcoholic beverage prepared by Bodos using rice and certain herbs through a traditional fermentation process. The fermentation process follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. The beverage is potable.