Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the use of peach pomace in total mixed ration (TMR) silages and clarify the differences in aerobic stability between TMR and TMR silages caused by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The TMR were prepared using peach pomace, alfalfa hay or Leymus chinensis hay, maize meal, soybean meal, cotton meal, limestone, a vitamin-mineral supplement, and salt in a ratio of 6.0:34.0:44.4:7.0:5.0:2.5:1.0:0.1 on a dry matter (DM) basis. Fermentation quality, microbial composition, and the predominant LAB were examined during ensiling and aerobic deterioration. The results indicated that the TMR silages with peach pomace were well fermented, with low pH and high lactic acid concentrations. The aerobic stability of TMR silages were significantly higher than that of TMR. Compared with TMR silages with alfalfa hay, TMR silage with Leymus chinensis hay was much more prone to deterioration. Although the dominant LAB were not identical in TMR, the same dominant species, Lactobacillus buchneri and Pediococcus acidilactici, were found in both types of TMR silages after 56 d of ensiling, and they may play an important role in the aerobic stability of TMR silages.
Highlights
Peach juice is an internationally popular beverage because of its high nutritional value and health benefits, and with its consumption rising, approximately 700,000 tons of peach pomace is released annually by juice factories in China
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of total mixed ration (TMR) silages formulated with peach pomace and clarify the aerobic stability in TMR silages by comparing fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability, and dynamic changes in dominant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) communities between TMR and TMR silages with peach pomace during ensiling and aerobic deterioration
No LAB or yeasts were detected in the peach pomace
Summary
Peach juice is an internationally popular beverage because of its high nutritional value and health benefits, and with its consumption rising, approximately 700,000 tons of peach pomace is released annually by juice factories in China. Owing to its high moisture content (94.1%) and a high water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) content (25.9% dry matter [DM]), peach pomace is difficult to preserve at ambient temperature. Most peach pomace is dumped in landfills, and a small amount is used for extraction of dietary fiber, pectin (Faravash and Ashtiani, 2008), and polyphenols (Adil et al, 2007). Peach pomace contains 7.36% crude protein (CP), 4.71% ether extract (EE) and 20.0% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) on a DM basis, and could possibly be a source of nutrients for ruminants. Since high moisture can increase the risk of effluent production, mixing these by-products with other dry feeds to form a total mixed ration (TMR) would minimize the risk, stabilize microbial function, and improve energy and protein utilization in the rumen (Xu et al, 2007a, b). The efficient utilization of by-products helps to develop new feed resources, thereby relieve the competition with humans for grain consumption
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