Abstract
Over the past decade, the use of bovine colostrum and its bioactive components as the basis of functional food and dietary supplements for humans has substantially increased. However, for developing new products enriched with probiotics and bovine colostrum, the influence of colostrum composition on the growth promotion of bacteria still needs to be tested. Therefore, we decided to study the influence of bovine colostrum chemical and mineral composition as well as the content of bioactive compounds (immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase) on the growth of ten selected strains from genera Lactobacillus, Lacticaseibacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Enterococcus. After 24 h of fermentation, the growth was assessed based on lactic and acetic acids production evaluated using isotachophoresis, bacterial counts determined by the agar plate method, and change of pH. The production of acids and bacterial counts were significantly (P<0.05) different between selected genera. The change of bacterial counts was correlated with pH, but the correlation between growth and bovine colostrum composition was not proven. The highest growth and production of lactic acid was observed after the fermentation of bovine colostrum by the strains Enterococcus faecium CCDM 922A and CCDM 945.
Highlights
Colostrum is the first milk with a unique nutritive profile produced by mammals immediately after birth [1,2]
The results showed that this process was able to inhibit the growth of undesirable bacteria, such as B. abortus, E. coli, L. interrogans, M. bovis, S. enteritidis, S. typhimurium, and S. aureus, but counts of the lactic acid bacteria remained throughout the 30 days fermentation process about 107 CFU/mL
We showed that the growth of tested bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, and enterococci and the production of lactic acid by selected strains in samples of bovine colostrum were significantly (p < 0.05) different
Summary
Colostrum is the first milk with a unique nutritive profile produced by mammals immediately after birth [1,2]. In comparison with mature milk, colostrum contains more total solids, proteins, vitamins, and mineral substances [4]. From bioactive components present in bovine colostrum, immunoglobulins (IgG1), growth factors (insulin-like growth factor-1, transforming growth factor beta-2), growth hormone and antimicrobial substances, such as lactoferrin, lysozyme and lactoperoxidase are of importance. They participate in moderating and maintaining a robust immunoprotective environment [5,6,7,8]. Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein secreted by epithelial cells into body fluids (tears, saliva, blood, colostrum etc.)
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