Abstract
Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) functionalized with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) is prepared using a femtosecond laser ablation in liquids method. By ablating the mixed aqueous solutions of silver nitrate and graphene oxide (GO) using femtosecond laser pulses, Ag ions and GO are simultaneously reduced and well-dispersed Ag NPs supported on rGO are obtained. The effect of laser power, irritation time and Ag ion concentration on the optical property and morphology of the products are systematically studied. The nonlinear optical responses of the functionalized graphene are studied using a nanosecond Z-scan technique. The rGO hybrid shows an enhanced nonlinear absorption (NLA) effect compared with GO and rGO, and thus exhibits an excellent optical limiting (OL) property with very low activating threshold, which is estimated to be about 0.38 J cm−2. The enhanced NLA effect in rGO hybrids makes it possible to fabricate solid-state optical limiter, improving the practicality of graphene materials in the OL area.
Highlights
The intensive developments and widespread applications of laser techniques sets a problem of protecting detecting equipment and human eyes from powerful laser radiation [1,2]
The results indicate that Ag NPs/Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) exhibits better optical limiting (OL) properties than rGO, which can be attributed to the enhanced nonlinear absorption (NLA) and nonlinear scattering (NLS) effect in the composites
The absorption shoulder at 305 nm of rGO disappears and the absorption in the whole visible light range increases after laser irradiation, indicating the reduction in graphene oxide (GO) (the colour change of GO before and after laser irradiation are given by inset (i) and (ii) of figure 2d)
Summary
The intensive developments and widespread applications of laser techniques sets a problem of protecting detecting equipment and human eyes from powerful laser radiation [1,2]. Nonlinear optical (NLO) limiters are designed for this problem. Significant research efforts have been directed towards developing efficient optical limiting (OL) materials in an attempt to realize the protection from laser beams, their practical applications still present a great challenge.
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