Femtosecond Filaments and Their Plasma Channels in a Focused Laser Beam in Air

Abstract

The filamentation of focused beams at wavelengths of 800 and 248 nm in the air is studied numerically. The results indicate that relatively tight focusing can lead to the coalescence of individual regions of high fluence and high plasma density that result from multiple refocusing, whereas in the case of weak focusing such regions are separated in the pulse propagation direction. The lower multiphoton ionization order in the case of UV radiation leads to a stronger effect of geometric focusing on filament formation. We show the possibility to control the parameters of femtosecond laser plasma filaments by introducing astigmatism in laser beam wavefront. Strong astigmatism can lead to the splitting of the channel into two separate regions. We demonstrate that the self-phase modulation in the thin pass-through dielectric plate decreases the distance to the filament start in air and increases the length of plasma channel.