Abstract
目的 探讨联合应用髓内钉及外固定架治疗股骨缺损和不等长的方法和疗效.方法2001年1月~2003年12月联合应用髓内钉及外固定架治疗2例股骨缺损分别为8 cm和11cm的患者、3例股骨短缩为4~7 cm的患者.手术于股骨内顺行置入带锁髓内钉(或保留原有髓内钉),带锁髓内钉仅锁定一端,安装外固定架.4例于股骨近段截骨,1例于股骨远段截骨.5例患者中2例使用Ilizarov重建外固定架,3例使用Orthofix重建外固定架.术后平均延迟16.2 d(13~24 d)后开始牵开延长,1 mm/d,共分4次完成.对于股骨短缩患者,当股骨达到预期延长长度后再次手术将髓内钉远端锁定,然后去除外固定架,开始早期功能锻炼.对于骨缺损患者,当股骨达到预期延长长度后仍须等待新生骨痂密度有所增加后将髓内钉远端锁定并去除外固定架.结果5例患者获平均36.4个月(22~47个月)随访,平均延长长度为7.2 cm(4~10 cm),外固定架放置时间平均为5个月(3~8个月),外固定架指数平均为0.75个月/cm(0.57~1.00个月/cm).所有患者股骨延长段未出现轴向偏移或再骨折,坚实化良好.最后随访时,5例患者膝关节活动度平均为107°(80°~135°).结论联合应用髓内钉及外固定架肢体延长术能够明显缩短外固定架置放时间,避免肢体畸形,有利于膝关节早期功能恢复,在治疗大段骨缺损及肢体不等长中具有一定优势.手术时间长、术中出血多、治疗费用高和手术切口瘢痕增加是其缺点。
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