Female reproductive system of the tribe Galeritini (Coleoptera: Carabidae): structural features and evolution

Abstract

ABSTRACT The female internal reproductive tract characters of the dryptite tribes Zuphiini, Dryptini and Galeritini (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalinae) provide features useful for distinguishing taxa at various hierarchical levels. The details, in aggregate, support the generally accepted generic arrangements within the Dryptini and Galeritini. But within the genus Galerita Fabricius, characters of the genitalia support transfer of Galerita sulcipennis Reichardt from the nominotypical subgenus to subgenus Progaleritina Jeannel (new taxonomic placement). Within subgenus Galerita, the Eastern Hemisphere (Old World) taxa are better placed taxonomically in the perrieri species complex separate from the americana species complex of the Western Hemisphere. The striking loss of the digitate spermatheca 1 and its replacement with an independently derived large sac-like spermatheca 2 occurs within the basal genus Planetes Macleay (subtribe Planetina) and independently in the subtribe Galeritina (including Eunostus...