Abstract

The representation and participation of women in national politics have increased drastically over the years and more strongly in the twentieth century. Examples include Hilary Rodham Clinton of the United States, Benazir Bhuto of Pakistan, Angela Merkel of Germany, Michelle Bachelet of Chile, and President Dilma Roussef of Brazil, among others. The first woman, who was not from the monarchy, to get involved in national politics was Sirimavo Bandaranaike who became prime minister of Sri Lanka in 1960.1 Since then, the numbers have increased from three women becoming national leaders in the 1960s to a total of seven in the 1980s.2 Beyond taking up the highest executive office as presidents and prime ministers, women are also present in national parliaments, becoming cabinet ministers and deputy ministers and holding top positions in the judicial, legislative, and executive arms of the government.

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