Abstract
The relationships were studied between daily life, work, and mental disorders in female health workers from the Mexican Health Insurance Institute. The study sample (n = 170) included female physicians, nurses, laboratory workers, and medical assistants. Primary data were obtained through an interview which had been previously validated in a population of workers in Mexico. Relationships were found between mental disorders and all facets of women's lives. In relation to the domestic environment, women with higher rates of mental disorders were those who were mothers, had more children, did not have household help, and had husbands or partners. Prevalence of mental disorders in relation to paid work was associated with the length of the workday, absenteeism, and lack of job content. Skills development, job satisfaction, and creativity had a "protective" or preventive effect against mental disorders and fatigue. The main risks and conditions that functioned as stressors were heat, noise, physical effort, awkward positions, and intense, repetitive work.
Highlights
La relación entre la “vida cotidiana” 1 en el ámbito doméstico, el trabajo asalariado y la condición de ser mujer establece complejos problemas para el estudio y la causalidad de las enfermedades
The relationships were studied between daily life
Primary data were obtained through an interview
Summary
La población estudiada se conformó con las trabajadoras de una Unidad de Medicina Familiar (UMF), del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), ubicada en la zona sureste de la Ciudad de México. El método que se siguió para el análisis por conglomerados (clusters) fue el siguiente: se incorporaron todas las variables independientes en estudio, ya fueran numéricas o categóricas. Los factores de estrés laboral a los que se encuentran expuestas las trabajadoras de la UMF son similares por tipo de servicio y por puesto de trabajo. Esto se debe a que son más las características comunes que comparten como mujeres y trabajadoras de la salud que las diferencias específicas por su área o puesto de trabajo. La tasa general de trastornos psíquicos y psicosomáticos y fatiga para el conjunto de estas trabajadoras fue de 54,0 por 100, es decir, que de cada dos trabajadoras una tuvo alguno de estos padecimientos. Los trastornos psíquicos se presentan en 16,0 de cada 100 y la fatiga en [9,4]
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