Female circumcision and gender identity: A questionable alliance?

Abstract

At least 87% of Somali women are infibulated at the age of 7 or 8. Infibulation, also known as Pharaonic circumcision, is the most drastic form of female circumcision. The article examines the rationale for and the consequences of this practice, in particular in Somalia. Contrasting points of view can be identified in the attitudes towards female circumcision; for example, while it increases women's value in Somali eyes, it often degrades them in the eyes of the outside world. It is argued that the incidence of the practice should be reduced and that policies directed towards this aim should be an integral part of other development policies. Since women's gender identity is at stake, women should be actively involved in formulating and implementing the necessary policies. Their involvement is one of the main prerequisites for progress in the abolition of infibulation.