FEM solution to quadratic convective and radiative flow of Ag-MgO/H2O hybrid nanofluid over a rotating cone with Hall current: Optimization using Response Surface Methodology

Abstract

The nonlinear buoyancy-induced (quadratic convection) flow of water conveying hybrid nanoparticles (25 nm Ag and 40 nm MgO) around a revolving cone surface subjected to quadratic radiative heat transfer is studied, taking into deliberation of Hall current, and thermal jump condition. The quadratic form of Boussinesq approximation (QBA) with quadratic Rosseland thermal radiation (QRTR) is employed to model the problem. Esfe models for thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity with a volumetric fraction of nanoparticles (50% MgO and 50% Ag) are used. The effective medium correlations for heat capacitance, thermal expansion factor, and density of Ag-MgO/water hybrid nanofluid are used. The governing equations are solved by using the Finite element method (FEM). The effects of parameters on the shear stress and heat transport of the system are scrutinized using the friction factors and Nusselt number through two-dimensional contour and three-dimensional surface plots. The friction factor and the heat transport rate are optimized using the Response Surface Method (RSM) and the optimal level of intensity of the magnetic field, radiation, and thermal slip is determined. Because of the influence of hybrid nanoparticles, the heat transport rate is observed to be the highest. When compared to Linear Rosseland Thermal Radiation (LRTR), the Nusselt number for QRTR is found to be the highest. Furthermore, at a low level of Ts and a high level of Ha and Rd, maximum heat transport (2.42951) and minimum shear stress (1.07598) are achieved with a desirability of 0.797.