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Abstract
One of the standard diagnostic methods for power transformers is frequency response analysis (FRA). This paper deals with progress in the frequency response interpretation of these very important appliances in the power network. Simulations of the frequency response of the transformer windings are a useful way to improve the correct assessment of FRA results. One of the disadvantages of FRA modelling is time-consuming analysis, especially of large multilayer windings. The aim of this article is to develop a numerical model, which would reduce the duration of the electromagnetic field analysis of the winding with hundreds of turns. The approach introduced in the paper describes the simple two-dimensional (2D) finite elements method (FEM) model, which provides the results comparable to the three-dimensional (3D) model. Moreover, the paper presents the numerical models, which demonstrate the influence of the remaining windings on the inductance of tested winding. As a result of the conducted research, the comparison of inductance curve obtained from FRA measurement on the physical model with modelled resonance slope is presented, both for 2D and 3D cases.
Highlights
Major failures of transformers have a direct impact on operational ability and reliability of energy supply to consumers, which, when disturbed, leads to an increase in distribution costs [1].The importance of transformers in the energy system is affected by the high costs of their repair, especially when it is necessary to remove them from service and the installation site
Simulations of the frequency response require an estimation of the small signal local permeability μr, since, during the Frequency response analysis (FRA) measurement, excitation of the active part is much smaller than under rated conditions
Another parameter essential for finite elements method (FEM) simulations of the FR is an equivalent conductivity of the core material, which simplifies the model of the laminated core
Summary
Major failures of transformers have a direct impact on operational ability and reliability of energy supply to consumers, which, when disturbed, leads to an increase in distribution costs [1]. The importance of transformers in the energy system is affected by the high costs of their repair, especially when it is necessary to remove them from service and the installation site. The most effective way to avoid transformer breakdowns is via their proper maintenance, in particular periodic technical condition assessment. Several commonly used methods for assessing the technical condition of the power transformers have been developed [2]. Frequency response analysis (FRA) is one of the standard technical condition assessment methods for power transformers. The FRA method became a standard in 2012, according to IEC 60076-18 [4] and other documents [5,6], which define the principles and techniques of the measurement
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