Abstract
Bark beetles are the most important forest pests in the Northern Hemisphere. The range of Ips duplicatus, an invasive bark beetle in central Europe, has been steadily expanding, and it is now responsible for a high proportion of the spruce wood infested by bark beetles. Apart from searching for and eliminating infested trees, there is no effective control method. The aim of this study was to determine whether trap trees with a pheromone evaporator can be used to capture I. duplicatus. Felled trap trees with branches and with pheromone lures (ID Ecolure®) were infested by I. duplicatus, at a median density of 1 nuptial chambers per 0.1 m2 (median); similar trees without lures and lying at a distance of 1, 5, or 10 m from the lure trees were rarely infested by I. duplicatus. The entire surface of the lure trees could capture <400 beetles per tree. The results indicate that lure trap trees (felled and with branches attached) could only be used in a limited number of situations; one such situation would involve forests that suffered wind damage and contained very high numbers of I. duplicatus.
Highlights
Ips duplicatus can co-occur with other bark beetle species, and these are mainly I. typographus, Ips amitinus (Eichhoff, 1871), and Pityogenes chalcographus (Linnaeus, 1761) in forests that are >60 years old
For I. duplicatus, in contrast, the numbers of nuptial chambers were highest on the lure trees and significantly decreased numbers of nuptial chambers were highest on the lure trees and significantly decreased with distance from the lure tree; as low numbers were detected on trees without lures that with distance from the lure tree; as low numbers were detected on trees without lures that were 1 m away from lure trees, but none was detected on trees without lures that were 5 were 1 m away from lure trees, but none was detected on trees without lures that were 5 or or 10 m away from lure trees (Table 2)
We found that felled spruces with branches and with pheromone lures (ID Ecolure® )
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The double-spined bark beetle Ips duplicatus (Sahlberg, 1836) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) is native to Fennoscandia, Siberia, and East Asia [1]. During the 20th century, I. duplicatus spread south to Central Europe because of the increased transport of wood that had not been debarked [2,3,4]. The distribution of I. duplicatus has continued to steadily expand [5], and in places where it has been established for a long time, its population densities have increased. Since the 1990s in Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Romania, I. duplicatus has infested high volumes of spruce wood [6,7,8,9,10]
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