Abstract
Cat demodicosis is uncommon to rare, and is caused by Demodex cati, Demodex gatoi and another unnamed species. The investigated patient was a mix-breed, 10-year-old feline with no dermatological history. Alopecia, erythema, minor erosions and ulcerations and crusts, associated with pruritus and self-trauma, were observed on the head. Dark, agglutinated cerumen was also present in the external ear canal. The agent causing the skin condition in the feline patient was identified as being a Demodex genus mite, based on the specific, morphological characteristics noticed upon the microscopic examination of deep skin scrapes. Biological samples were collected from the patient with to perform a PCR assay for clear species-determination and morphological assessment. PCR amplification of DNA extracted from the Demodex mites produced a single band of ~330 bp, indicating the presence of the D. cati species. The acaricidal treatment consisted of topical treatment using a fluralaner and moxidectin-based spot-on. Upon follow-up appointments, scheduled three times at a monthly interval, the patient failed to provide a positive result upon deep skin scrapes. The negative scrapes were also accompanied by the complete resolution of the existing lesions. In conclusion, this is the first molecular study to highlight the presence of Demodex cati within the feline population of Romania, and the fluralaner-moxidectin spot-on therapy has led to a complete recovery of the feline patient affected by feline demodicosis.
Highlights
Demodicosis is a skin condition caused by Demodex genus mites (Acariformes: Demodecidae)
Feline demodicosis is an uncommon to rare condition, and it is caused by three species of Demodex mites (D. cati, D. gatoi and one species that, despite being mentioned in several research papers, has yet to receive a name) [1]
D. gatoi is identified in the epidermal layer, as opposed to D. cati, which is found within the hair follicle [3]
Summary
Demodicosis is a skin condition caused by Demodex genus mites (Acariformes: Demodecidae). Feline demodicosis is an uncommon to rare condition, and it is caused by three species of Demodex mites (D. cati, D. gatoi and one species that, despite being mentioned in several research papers, has yet to receive a name) [1]. These mites show high host specificity [2] and their location can vary according to species. D. gatoi is identified in the epidermal layer, as opposed to D. cati, which is found within the hair follicle [3] This condition has been mainly diagnosed in immune-suppressed cats, such as cats suffering from chronic diseases like FIV, diabetes mellitus, squamous cells carcinoma or chronic breathing disorders [4,5]. Feline demodicosis is generally manifested through well-defined alopecia, erythema and crusts, all of which are lesions that could evolve into pruritic, bacterial complications [6,7]
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