Abstract
Feline bocavirus-1 (FBoV-1) was identified in cats from different households with hemorrhagic enteritis during outbreaks of an unusual clinical presentation of feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV) in Thailand. Use of polymerase chain reaction revealed the presence of the FBoV-1 DNA in several tissues, suggesting hematogenous viremia, with the viral nucleic acid, detected by in situ hybridization (ISH), was localized in intestinal cells and vascular endothelium of intestinal mucosa and serosa, and in necrosis areas primarily in various lymph nodes while FPLV-immunohistochemical analysis revealed viral localization only in cryptal cells, neurons, and limited to leukocytes in the mesenteric lymph node. Full-length coding genome analysis of the Thai FBoV-1 strains isolated from moribund cats revealed three distinct strains with a high between-strain genetic diversity, while genetic recombination in one of the three FBoV-1 strains within the NS1 gene. This is the first report identifying natural genetic recombination of the FBoV-1 and describing the pathology and viral tropism of FBoV-1 infection in cats. Although the role of FBoV-1 associated with systemic infection of these cats remained undetermined, a contributory role of enteric infection of FBoV-1 is possible. Synergistic effects of dual infection with FPLV and FBoV-1 are hypothesized, suggesting more likely severe clinical presentations.
Highlights
Feline bocavirus-1 (FBoV-1) was identified in cats from different households with hemorrhagic enteritis during outbreaks of an unusual clinical presentation of feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV) in Thailand
The reports have addressed the potential role of feline BoVs (FBoVs)-1 infections, yet the role of FBoV-1 when co-infected with FPLV is still unknown
In situ hybridization (ISH) on three of these cats that died revealed a systemic FBoV-1 viral DNA with the signals localized in various cells of intestinal tissues and endothelial cells at intestinal mucosa and serosa, as well as in various lymph nodes
Summary
Feline bocavirus-1 (FBoV-1) was identified in cats from different households with hemorrhagic enteritis during outbreaks of an unusual clinical presentation of feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV) in Thailand. Full-length coding genome analysis of the Thai FBoV-1 strains isolated from moribund cats revealed three distinct strains with a high between-strain genetic diversity, while genetic recombination in one of the three FBoV-1 strains within the NS1 gene. This is the first report identifying natural genetic recombination of the FBoV-1 and describing the pathology and viral tropism of FBoV-1 infection in cats. Homologous genetic recombination among CBoV-2 strains was evident[2] These findings indicated that genetic recombination is likely to play an important role in the diversity of BoVs. In this study, novel FBoV-1 strains were identified in 17 FPLV-infected cats from three different households with an acute onset of depression, systemic hemorrhage, and respiratory dysfunction as well as intestinal problems. The clinical presentation, through the pathological findings of FBoV-1 infected cats, is described and the potential roles of co-infection in the affected cats are addressed
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