Abstract
Surface defect engineering is an appealing and effective strategy to enhance photocatalytic-Fenton degradation performance. Herein, the oxygen vacancies (OVs) enriched Fe-heteropolyoxometalate (Fe-PW12O40)/Bi4TaO8Cl (FPWBT) heterojunction was elaborately designed for the degradation of fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Benefiting from the existence of OVs and the Fe3+/Fe2+ redox couple, the optimized FPWBT-4 heterojunction manifested the highest photocatalytic-Fenton degradation efficiency of ofloxacin (OFL), norfloxacin (NOR), and ciprofloxacin (CIP) up to 98.87%, 98.18%, and 97.26% only under 5 W white LED irradiation, respectively. Based on the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis and the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the probable photocatalytic-Fenton degradation pathways of the OFL, NOR, and CIP antibiotics were unraveled. Additionally, the ecotoxicity of identified intermediates from OFL, NOR, and CIP degradation was investigated in detail. This work demonstrates the merits of the FPWBT heterojunction in enhancing photocatalytic-Fenton performance and provides new insight into the fabrication of stable and efficient photocatalytic-Fenton catalysts for environmental applications.
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