Abstract
The experience often described as feeling moved, understood chiefly as a social-relational emotion with social bonding functions, has gained significant research interest in recent years. Although listening to music often evokes what people describe as feeling moved, very little is known about the appraisals or musical features contributing to the experience. In the present study, we investigated experiences of feeling moved in response to music using a continuous rating paradigm. A total of 415 US participants completed an online experiment where they listened to seven moving musical excerpts and rated their experience while listening. Each excerpt was randomly coupled with one of seven rating scales (perceived sadness, perceived joy, feeling moved or touched, sense of connection, perceived beauty, warmth [in the chest], or chills) for each participant. The results revealed that musically evoked experiences of feeling moved are associated with a similar pattern of appraisals, physiological sensations, and trait correlations as feeling moved by videos depicting social scenarios (found in previous studies). Feeling moved or touched by both sadly and joyfully moving music was associated with experiencing a sense of connection and perceiving joy in the music, while perceived sadness was associated with feeling moved or touched only in the case of sadly moving music. Acoustic features related to arousal contributed to feeling moved only in the case of joyfully moving music. Finally, trait empathic concern was positively associated with feeling moved or touched by music. These findings support the role of social cognitive and empathic processes in music listening, and highlight the social-relational aspects of feeling moved or touched by music.
Highlights
The emotional effects of music are among the most important reasons for engaging in music listening in everyday life (e.g., [1,2,3])
If a participant started with a rating of 1 on a specific scale and changed their rating to a 3 at 30 s, the time series would show a rating of 1 from 0 s to s, and a rating of 3 from s until the second the rating was changed again
We found evidence that higher trait empathic concern was associated with higher peaks of continuous feeling moved ratings, though only for two musical excerpts: Hoppipolla and Band of Brothers
Summary
The emotional effects of music are among the most important reasons for engaging in music listening in everyday life (e.g., [1,2,3]). These effects range from slight changes in affective state to exceptionally strong, transformative experiences [4].
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