Abstract
Soluble algal organic matter (AOM) resulting from the cyanobacterial blooms in water catchments can cause severe fouling of ceramic membranes in water treatment. The effect of feedwater coagulation using alum, aluminium, ACH, ferric sulphate and ferric chloride for reducing the fouling of a commercial ceramic MF membrane (ZrO2–TiO2) caused by the AOM released from Microcystis aeruginosa was investigated. At their optimum dosages (i.e., 5mg Al3+/L and 10mg Fe3+/L), all coagulants could significantly mitigate the membrane fouling, with the hydraulically reversible and irreversible fouling resistance reduced by over 90% and 65%, respectively. ACH, ferric chloride and ferric sulphate performed similarly in reducing the flux decline, and considerably better than alum did. The reduction in AOM fouling of the membrane was primarily due to the effective removal of the very high MW biopolymers (≫20,000Da). There were much greater removals in carbohydrate (74–77%) than protein content (15–28%) by the coagulation. The hydrophobic compounds in the AOM solution were more susceptible to the coagulation treatment than the hydrophilic and transphilic compounds. Among the tested coagulants, ACH appeared to be more cost-effective in maintaining the permeate flux and minimising the irreversible fouling for the ceramic MF membrane.
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