Feeding Relationships among Species of Notropis (Pisces: Cyprinidae) in a Wisconsin Stream

Abstract

The relationship between spatial preference and diet in four species of the genus Notropis (Pisces: Cyprinidae) was investigated in Roxbury Creek, a small stream in southern Wisconsin. Characteristic spatial distributions for each species were determined from frequency of catch in unbaited minnow traps set at varying heights and locations in the pools of the stream. Data for the year 1966—67 indicate that two species, Notropis atherinoides and N. spilopterus are common in midwater. Notropis dorsalis is most frequently found near the bottom and shows a strong preference for the upstream edge of pools Notropis stramineus is also found most often near the bottom but within the pools themselves. The spatial distributions of aquatic invertebrates, the major prey of Notropis in the pools of Roxbury Creek, were also investigated. Data gathered from drift and bottom samples taken in eight sampling periods during 1970—71 suggest a separation between the relatively sedentary bottom fauna, composed of oligochaetes, isopods, several genera of chironomids, tipulids, and trichopterans; and the drift fauna, composed of copepods, chironomids of the subfamily Orthocladiinae, ephemeropterans, and terrestrial anthropods. Certain genera, including the ubiquitous Gammarus were found commonly in both drift and benthic samples. Indices of similarity between pool benthos and drift ranged between 7% and 59%. Data on food habits of Notropis gathered from stomach content analysis of fishes collected over the same period indicate that 73% of the invertebrate genera present are utilized by Notropis species in Roxbury Creek. Considerable overlap exists in the invertebrate genera chosen by the four species (69%—84%), and strong overall correlations between species are found in the importance of various orders of aquatic invertebrates in the diet. Differences in food habits relate principally to differences in space utilization. Midwater species tend to feed on drifting chironomids, copepods, terrestrials, and other animals found in the water column. Bottom—dwelling fishes feed on benthic genera of chironomids, tipulids, oligochaetes, and other organisms found commonly in pool substrates. It is concluded that spatial rather than taxonomic considerations are the chief determinants of prey selection in these four species, and that this pattern of resource subdivision acts to reduce competition in sympatric, syntopic populations of these fishes. Data from other Wisconsin Streams, from aquarium observations, and from literature review suggest that multispecific assemblages of mutually responsive species like the ones in Roxbury Creek are common in Notropis.