Abstract
The European hake (Merluccius merluccius) has been described as a demersal predator that can also feed on the water columns during migration. They may interact with nearly the entire food web in marine ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the feeding behavior of European hake based on size and seasonal stomach content analysis. In addition, we analyzed 15N and 13C of the muscle bulk tissue, determined the proxy trophic position, and revealed the ontogenetic shift with 15N. Our results confirm that the European hake is a piscivorous predator that feeds on various pelagic and demersal prey. Minor size-related dietary changes were observed, with juveniles consuming more benthic invertebrates and adults mainly consuming Teleost species. An increase in prey richness was found for both size groups during summer. Stable isotope analysis showed increased δ15N values with increasing length due to juveniles’ preference for benthic invertebrates, mainly crustaceans. Combining dietary studies with isotope analysis can provide a better understanding of trophic ecology, which can be helpful for ecosystem-focused management.
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