Abstract
Total 208 day-old female broilers were fed on isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets containing seeds of sweet narrow-leafed (L. angustifolius cv. Bojar - NL) or sweet yellow (L. luteus cv. Parys - YL) lupin at the level of 0 (control, C), 10% (days 1-14), and 15% or 25% (days 15-35 of life). The diets were fed unsupplemented or supplemented with mannanase. At the end of second week of life, the birds fed both lupin diets were smaller than control birds, due to lower feed intake (P < 0.05). The final body weight ( P < 0.05) and body weight gain (P < 0.01) in birds fed the NL were higher than in those fed the YL diets due to higher (P < 0.01) feed intake, but their feed conversion ratio was worse (P < 0.01). The higher dietary lupin level did not affect feed intake, but depressed feed utilization. The relative liver weight was greater in birds fed YL than NL. The viscosity of ileal digesta in birds fed the NL diets averaged 3.12 mPas.s and was significantly greater than in control and YL-fed birds. Villi height and crypt depth were lower (P < 0.05) at the increased level of di- etary lupin. The dietary treatments did not affect the total short-chain fatty acid concentration in ileal and caecal digesta. Mannanase supplementation did not significantly affect any of the measured parameters, but increased the butyrate concentration in caecal digesta (P < 0.05). Inclusion of sweet lupin at a 15% level can be accepted in older broiler diets provided with adequate amino acid and fat supplementation.
Highlights
Two species of sweet lupin are being cultivated in Poland in recent years – narrow-leafed lupin (L. angustifolius), which is sometimes referred to as blue lupin, and yellow lupin (L. luteus), as these species are more anthracnose-resistant than white lupin (L. albus)
The proteins of narrow-leafed and yellow lupin are digested to the same extent as those from soyabean meal (Alloui et al, 1994; Steenfeldt et al, 2003; Mieczkowska et al, 2005; Olkowski et al, 2010), but the main problem is non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), as no endogenous NSP-degrading enzymes are present in the broiler gastrointestinal tract
Experimental diets were formulated to contain the same level of apparent metabolizable energy (AMEN), assuming that the level of AMEN of narrow-leafed lupin was 8.4 MJ · kg–1, of yellow lupin, 9 MJ · kg–1
Summary
Two species of sweet lupin are being cultivated in Poland in recent years – narrow-leafed lupin (L. angustifolius), which is sometimes referred to as blue lupin, and yellow lupin (L. luteus), as these species are more anthracnose-resistant than white lupin (L. albus). In yellow lupin harvested in the years 1991–1994 and analysed by Wasilewko and Buraczewska (1999), the alkaloids content was from 230 to 1300 mg · kg–1 (lupinine, gramine and sparteine); in narrow-leafed lupin it ranged from 300 to 440 mg · kg–1 (lupanine and 13-hydroxylupanine). The high viscosity of digesta induced by water-soluble NSP is the main constraint for the use of some feeds in broiler diets. Petterson (2000) reported that narrow-leafed lupin cultivated on a large scale in Australia was used in commercial broiler diets at a maximum 10% level as higher levels could induce the health and environmental problems associated with digesta viscosity and high litter moisture. Viscosity was not affected by addition of two commercial enzyme preparations, but was three times as large after supplementation of the diet with a feed enzyme preparation containing β-glucanase, hemicellulase and pectinase activity
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