Abstract
ABSTRACT We studied the feeding behavior and the activity period of three phyllostomid bat species on Musa paradisiaca inflorescences in an orchard located in southeastern Brazil. Glossophaga soricina (Pallas, 1766), Anoura caudifer (É. Geoffroy, 1818), and Phyllostomus discolor (Wagner, 1843) were frequently observed, videotaped, and mist-netted visiting banana inflorescences. Three approaching strategies on banana inflorescences were performed by bats: hovering (glossophagine species), upside landing (G. soricina), and downside landing (P. discolor). A new feeding behavior that consisted in hovering and licking the nectar that dripped from the distal part of a closed bract was observed for glossophagines. Visits occurred throughout the night (from 18:00 h to 05:00 h). However, activity pattern of nectarivorous bat species was significantly different from the omnivorous bat species, with the formers presenting visiting peaks at 21:00 hs and 23:30 hs, and the second at 23:45 hs and 02:30 hs. Dietary specialization, body size, and foraging behavior are important features that are linked to kind of approaching strategies to flowers and activity period of bats. Although bat visits on M. paradisiaca inflorescences are not reproductively important to banana plant, its nectar is a frequent and abundant food source for bats from the family Phyllostomidae, at least in Southeastern Brazil.
Highlights
From observations of bat species feeding on nectar of Musa paradisiaca L. in this orchard, we investigated the feeding behavior of three Neotropical bat species: the nectarivorous Anoura caudifer and Glossophaga soricina, and the omnivorous Phyllostomus discolor
Three visiting strategies to M. paradisiaca inflorescences by three Neotropical bat species were observed in the present study: hovering, upside landing, and downside landing
In the Neotropical region, this behavior is typically observed among nectarivorous bat species that have small body mass (< 30 g) and belong to Glossophaginae and Lonchophyllinae (Phyllostomidae) (Tschapka & Dressler, 2002; Fleming et al, 2009)
Summary
Comportamento alimentar e período de atividade de três espécies de morcegos neotropicais (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) sobre inflorescências de Musa paradisiaca (Zingiberales: Musaceae). 1810) (subfamily Phyllostominae) feed opportunistically on nectar (Gardner, 1977; Bredt et al, 2012) In this sense, bats can use the same food source, in different ways (Heithaus et al, 1975) in time and space (Fischer, 1992) in order to avoid competition (Pianka, 1973; Muller & Reis, 1992). Bats with no morphological specialization to nectarivory tend to visit plant species with flowers that have easy access and provide large amounts of nectar (Giannini & Brenes, 2001)
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