Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries are the most used technology in portable electronic devices. High energy density and high power per mass battery unit make it preferable over other batteries. The existing constant-temperature and constant-voltage charging technique (CT–CV), with a closed loop, lacks a detailed design of control circuits, which can increase charging speed. This article addresses this research gap in a novel way by implementing a simpler feedback proportional integral and differential (PID) control to a closed-loop CT–CV charging circuit. Voltage-mode control (VMC) and average current-mode control (ACM) methods were implemented to maintain the battery voltage, current, and temperature at safe limits. As per simulation results, 23% faster charging is achieved by implementing VMC and almost 50% faster charging is attained by employing the ACM technique in the PID controller. Our proposed control strategy is validated experimentally, which yields up to 25% faster charging of a battery than the reference battery.
Highlights
The underlying motivation for this research is to contribute to this body of research by reducing the charging time consequent to increasing the temperature of the battery at a faster pace while limiting it below the threshold value; to this end, we propose a detailed methodology and Constant temperature–constant voltage (CT–CV) circuits by employing a feedback proportional integral and differential (PID) controller with a rectifier-fed buck converter
This paper implements a feedback PID control mechanism for voltage-mode control (VMC) and average current-mode control (ACM) increase charge rate; It is observed that 23% faster charging is achieved by implementing a Voltage-mode control (VMC) technique and 50% faster charging is attained by employing the ACM method in the PID
The voltof 14 age and current of battery A were controlled by applying voltage-mode control and9average current-mode control methods
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. There are many other battery-charging techniques such as pulse charging, sinusoidal ripple approach (SRA), multistage constant current (MCC), and constant current–constant voltage (CC–CV) [16,17] All these methods follow an open-loop approach in which cell parameters are predetermined. The main contributions of this paper are listed below: This paper implements a feedback PID control mechanism for voltage-mode control (VMC) and average current-mode control (ACM) increase charge rate; It is observed that 23% faster charging is achieved by implementing a VMC technique and 50% faster charging is attained by employing the ACM method in the PID controller by keeping the temperature at a safe limit of 36–38 ◦ C; According to experimental hardware results, the proposed CT–CV method achieves up to 25% faster charging, as compared with the reference battery and the most commonly used CC–CV method
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