Abstract
A battery/superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) hybrid energy storage system (BSM-HESS) is designed for a power system. Meanwhile, a nonlinear feedback control (FLC) is adopted to achieve smooth and fast-tracking performance, and a rule-based strategy (RBS) is applied for power demand allocation. FLC can effectively compensate for the system’s nonlinearity to obtain the global consistent control performance; thus, it can properly solve the nonlinearity and modeling uncertainty of BSM-HESS. The effectiveness and advantages of FLC are evaluated via three cases, namely, heavy load condition, light load condition, and robustness with uncertain BSM-HESS parameters. Simulation results show that compared with proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control, FLC can achieve the best dynamic performance under various working conditions, which is beneficial for the system to quickly restore stable operation after large disturbance. In addition, the control cost of FLC is lower than that of PID control under both heavy load and light load conditions.
Highlights
In recent years, withlarge-scale and widespread integration of renewable energy into the power system, energy storage systems (ESSs) have become a hot research topic (Yang et al, 2015; Zhang et al, 2016; Bakeer et al, 2021)
An feedback linearization control (FLC) is designed to realize an efficient and smooth power tracking for BSM-HESS, and its contributions are summarized as follows: 1. FLC can fully compensate the nonlinearity of the system to achieve a globally consistent control performance; the transient performance can be considerably improved; 2
FLC requires an accurate BSM-HESS system model; it lacks robustness against parameter uncertainties compared to PID control; 3
Summary
Withlarge-scale and widespread integration of renewable energy into the power system, energy storage systems (ESSs) have become a hot research topic (Yang et al, 2015; Zhang et al, 2016; Bakeer et al, 2021). Energy storage equipment is mostly installed on the transmission side of the line to improve the stability of system and rapid response speed (Zhang et al, 2015; Bakeer et al, 2021). Energy storage represented by leadacid battery, lithium battery, and sodiumsulfur battery has high energy density and long energy storage time but the low power density and short cycle life (Luo et al, 2015; Ruan et al, 2019). Power-type energy storage represented by a super capacitor, flywheel energy storage, and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) has the advantages of high power density, fast response speed, and long cycle life but with deficiencies of low energy density and high self-discharge rate (Adhikari and Li, 2014; Akyurek and Rosing, 2016; Zhang et al, 2021)
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