Feed additives can differentially modulate NF-κB (RelA/p65), IGF-1, GLUT2, and SGLT1 gene expression in porcine jejunal explants

Hebert Silveira,Antonio Diego Brandão Melo,Cesar Augusto Pospissil Garbossa,Leandro Batista Costa,Marcos Horácio Rostagno,Vinícius De Souza Cantarelli,Cristiano Bortoluzzi,Allan Paul Schinckel

doi:10.1590/rbz4720180105

Abstract

ABSTRACT The intestinal gene expression of RelA/p65 (NF-κB), insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1), glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), and Na+/dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) were evaluated in response to benzoic acid, yeast culture, L-glutamine, and oregano essential oil, using an ex vivo model. Six piglets weighing approximately 20 kg each were sacrificed, and their jejunum was collected and segmented into five 2-cm explants. Each explant was immersed in cell culture medium according to one of the following treatments: control (without additive), [...]

Highlights

The early weaning of piglets is a common practice to increase sow productivity and reduce costs
Feed additives can differently modulate the gene expression of immune response, gut development, and glucose absorption in jejunal explants. These findings can contribute for a better understanding of the trophic action of these feed additives into the diets to optimize animal performance
The porcine jejunum explants exposed to 1% of yeast culture had increased levels of mRNA level for insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1), 4.58±1.14-fold greater than control (Figure 2)

Summary

Introduction

The early weaning of piglets is a common practice to increase sow productivity and reduce costs. Early weaning can lead to intestinal inflammation and decreased intestinal integrity, which compromises nutrient digestion and absorption until the adaptation to a solid diet (Lackeyram et al, 2010). Avoiding impaired intestinal integrity is crucial to prevent perturbation of brush-border enzyme activity, loss of protein synthesis, and reduced gene expression of mucosal DNA and RNA, which cause lower gene expression resulting in reduced nutrient absorption due to decreased villus height and increased crypt depth (Khan and Islam, 2012) caused by the lower production of digestive enzymes and lower contact area with the feed. The focus on past feed additive research was to identify products with antimicrobial effects to replace antibiotics used as growth promoters (Kommera et al, 2006; Michiels et al, 2009). The emphasis of recent research has been to understand the other effects of feed additives, including the functional balance of immune response, development of gut, and glucose absorption into intestinal tract (Shen et al, 2009; Song et al, 2010; Wu et al, 2011; Gao et al, 2012; Melo et al, 2016; Waititu et al, 2016)

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