Abstract
With the rapid growth in clean distributed energy resources involving micro-generation and flexible loads, users can actively manage their own energy and have the capability to enter in a market of energy services as prosumers while reducing their carbon footprint. The coordination between these distributed energy resources is essential in order to ensure fair trading and equality in resource sharing among a community of prosumers. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks can provide the underlying mechanisms for supporting such coordination and offer incentives to prosumers to participate in the energy market. In particular, the federation of energy clusters with P2P networks has the potential to unlock access to energy resources and lead to the development of new energy services in a fast-growing sharing energy economy. In this paper, we present the formation and federation of smart energy clusters using P2P networks with a view to decentralise energy markets and enable access and use of clean energy resources. We implement a P2P framework to support the federation of energy clusters and study the interaction of consumers and producers in a market of energy resources and services. We demonstrate how energy exchanges and energy costs in a federation are influenced by the energy demand, the size of energy clusters and energy types. We conduct our modelling and analysis based on a real fish industry case study in Milford Haven, South Wales, as part of the EU H2020 INTERREG piSCES project.
Highlights
The new era of smart clusters energy grids technologies can bring significant improvements in the energy management and generation mix of energy networks
Optimisation of supply and demand and demand-side management techniques will become more pervasive in the energy landscape helping rural and urban clusters to be at the forefront of new smart grid economies
As energy grids are moving towards decentralisation, there is a need for supporting communication between energy prosumers within an open energy sharing ecosystem
Summary
The new era of smart clusters energy grids technologies can bring significant improvements in the energy management and generation mix of energy networks. The digitalisation of smart grids with more data driven mechanisms for flexible consumption and use of renewable at consumers sites can lead to the formation of smart energy clusters enabling users to control of their energy and participate as ‘‘prosumers’’ in a market of energy services [1]. The creation of federated energy clusters can lead to new consumption models between consumers and providers and can incentivise energy actors to participate in a secure and more efficient market place. We explore the formation and federation of smart cluster energy grids using P2P networks with a real case study application from the fish industry. We explain how the federation of energy clusters can enable the integration of the existing energy market actors into a more flexible community ecosystem that can serve to small and medium enterprise, local business and consumers.
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