Federal Republic of Germany

Abstract

AbstractGermany is a federal social republic with parliamentary democracy. Germany’s political system evolved through significant processes, and its political history influenced the development of public administration. The Weberian bureaucratic model dominated Germany’s administrative system both theoretically and practically. The technocratic approach was adopted to modernize government machinery, efficiency, and effectiveness of public service. Besides, Germany’s administrative reforms and modernization are characterized by a bottom-up approach, incremental change, and New Steering Model (NSM). The three branches of government i.e., legislature (bicameral), executive (federal), and judiciary (The Federal Constitutional Court) are evaluated to study Germany’s administrative system and their influence on the central and local governments. The central-local government relations are based on power sharing, cooperative federalism, and autonomy of the federal states. Likewise, political parties and Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), such as trade unions, play an instrumental role in dialogue with the state’s institutions and measure policies’ impacts.