Federal Aspects of Internal Security: Indian Case

Abstract

The characteristics of Indian federalism are unique. The uniqueness is conspicuous by its dual character: “federal during normal times, but unitary in times of war”. The study examines how such a federal set-up impinges on India's internal security management, including maritime and coastal security. Despite being in a stronger position constitutionally, the Centre has not been assertive. Finding out various reasons for the Union's hesitancy, the study advocates a stronger role for the Centre in internal security issues. The main reason being the threat matrix to India's internal security is such that it is beyond the capability of the States of India to counter them on their own, effectively. After analysing various constitutional and legal aspects of internal security, the study makes some key recommendations. It advocates the need for the Centre and the States to combine their efforts instead of blaming each other for internal security problems. “Cooperative Federalism” instead of “Competitive Federalism” is the suitable way ahead.