Abstract
Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota affecting the gut barrier could be triggering Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), the second most frequent autoimmune disease in childhood. This study compared the structure of the fecal microbiota in 29 mestizo children aged 7–18 years, including 8 T1D at onset, 13 T1D after 2 years treatment, and 8 healthy controls. Clinical information was collected, predisposing haplotypes were determined; the fecal DNA was extracted, the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene amplified and 454-pyrosequenced. The newly diagnosed T1D cases had high levels of the genus Bacteroides (p < 0.004), whereas the control group had a gut microbiota dominated by Prevotella. Children with T1D treated for ≥2 years had levels of Bacteroides and Prevotella compared to those of the control group. The gut microbiota of newly diagnosed T1D cases is altered, but whether it is involved in disease causation or is a consequence of host selection remains unclear.
Highlights
Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota affecting the gut barrier could be triggering Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), the second most frequent autoimmune disease in childhood
The newly diagnosed T1D cases had high levels of the genus Bacteroides (p, 0.004), whereas the control group had a gut microbiota dominated by Prevotella
T1D occurs typically in childhood or adolescence, and has been associated to host genetic factors with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region harboring genes that contribute more than 50% of the risk, mediated by HLADR3-DQ2 or DR4-DQ815
Summary
Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota affecting the gut barrier could be triggering Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), the second most frequent autoimmune disease in childhood. This study compared the structure of the fecal microbiota in 29 mestizo children aged 7–18 years, including 8 T1D at onset, 13 T1D after 2 years treatment, and 8 healthy controls. The newly diagnosed T1D cases had high levels of the genus Bacteroides (p , 0.004), whereas the control group had a gut microbiota dominated by Prevotella. Associations between the intestinal microbiota alterations and B-cell autoimmunity have been described in HLA-DR/DQ genetically predisposed humans with positive GAD/IA2 autoantibodies[10,11] or with T1D diagnosis[12]. The aim of this study was to evaluate the structure of the gut microbiota in genetically predisposed Mexican children with T1D at onset, and after treatment for more than 2 years
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