Abstract
The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film plays a significant role in the capacity and storage performance of lithium primary batteries. The electrolyte additives are essential in controlling the morphology, composition and structure of the SEI film. Herein, fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) is chosen as the additive, its effects on the lithium primary battery performance are investigated, and the relevant formation mechanism of SEI film is analyzed. By comparing the electrochemical performance of the Li/AlF3 primary batteries and the microstructure of the Li anode surface under different conditions, the evolution model of the SEI film is established. The FEC additive can decrease the electrolyte decomposition and protect the lithium metal anode effectively. When an optimal 5% FEC is added, the discharge specific capacity of the Li/AlF3 primary battery is 212.8 mAh g−1, and the discharge specific capacities are respectively 205.7 and 122.3 mAh g−1 after storage for 7 days at room temperature and 55 °C. Compared to primary electrolytes, the charge transfer resistance of the Li/AlF3 batteries with FEC additive decreases, indicating that FEC is a promising electrolyte additive to effectively improve the SEI film, increase discharge-specific capacities and promote charge transfer of the lithium primary batteries.
Highlights
Lots of particles were found on the surface of the lithium anode used in the 55 ◦ C-7D battery stored at 55 ◦ C for 7 days (Figure 1d), which may be due to the intensified reaction between the electrolyte and the lithium anode at high temperature, resulting in a large number of inorganic lithium salts
These results indicate that the storage time and temperature can change the morphology and composition of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) films, and probably affect the electrochemical properties of lithium primary batteries
These results indicate that the storage time and temperature can change the decomposition decomposition degree of ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and LiPF6, adjusting the component and structure degree of EC, DMC and LiPF6, adjusting the component and structure of SEI film on of SEI film on the lithium anode surface, and further affecting the electrochemical perforthe lithium anode surface, and further affecting the electrochemical performance of lithium mance of lithium primary batteries
Summary
A lithium primary battery is an energy storage device with lithium metal or a lithium alloy as the anode and manganese dioxide, thionyl chloride, carbon fluoride, iron disulfide and aluminum trifluoride as the cathode materials. Non-aqueous electrolytes, including lithium inorganic compounds as lithium salts and organic substances as solvents, are usually used in lithium primary batteries These lithium salts are usually LiClO4 , LiPF6 , LiBF4 , LiAsF6 , etc., and the generally used organic solvents are propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DME), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethylene carbonate (EC), acetonitrile (AN), tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,3-dioxolane (DOL) or their mixtures [8,9,10,11]; the unstable discharge capacity and storage performance, as well as safety issues caused by the harmful dendrites, volume changes, and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI)
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