Febrile Seizures in Children: A Review.

Abstract

Fever-induced seizures are referred to as febrile seizures (FSs). The most prevalent kind of epilepsy and neurological illness in infants and young children is FS. With a high occurrence seen between the ages of 12 and 18 months, they frequently affect children aged six months to five years. FS is a benign condition that seldom results in brain damage. Nevertheless, they cause stress and emotional anguish for the parents, who may believe that the death of their child is going to occur during the seizure. Lately, a more broad-based phrase has been used, fever-associated seizures or epilepsy that includes simple, complicated, and extended FSs. These are the three different kinds of FSs. Febrile status epilepticus is a subgroup of complex FS. The other kinds of FSs are FS plus, Dravet syndrome,hereditary epilepsy with FSplus, and febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome. The most frequent, brief, and generalizedsimple FSshave a greater likelihood of causing temporal lobe epilepsy than complex FSs. These seizures are linked to the release of inflammatory mediatorslike interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor, which are well-known fever inducers.This article details thefactors that contribute to the occurrence of FSs, epidemiology, pathophysiology, evaluation, and management of the child.