Features of the synthesis of fullerenes and their derivatives

Abstract

The discovery of a new form of carbon was the great scientific breakthrough of the 20th century. Carbon is one of the most abundant elements on our planet. A molecule consisting of 60 carbon atoms was named a fullerene. Fullerene C60 is a molecule consisting of 20 hexagonal and 12 pentagonal rings with carbon atoms at their vertices, and has a high symmetry. The radius of C60 fullerene is 0.3512 nm, the length of the short bond separating the hexagons is 0.1391 nm, and the length of the long bond common to hexagons and pentagons is 0.1455 nm. The research was carried out at the NNLOT at KazNU. al-Farabi, where one of the main scientific areas of research is the creation of new types of materials based on carbon nanostructures, in particular fullerenes, as well as their application. A technique for the synthesis of fullerenes was created and developed for their practical application in various industries. A plant for the production of fullerenes based on the method of electric arc evaporation of graphite in a helium medium was launched. The features of the synthesis of fullerenes and their derivatives by the developed method were studied. The technology for obtaining fullerenes in an electric arc discharge at various current values (A) has been developed. Fullerene samples were obtained and analyzed at various current strengths (110A, 135A, 160A, 180A, 200A). The obtained samples were studied both by Raman spectroscopy and by electron and optical microscopy.