Features of the Structural and Functional State of Bone Tissue in Patients with Osteoarthritis: Analysis of the Relationship with the Plasma Content of Apelin and Polymorphism of the Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase Gene

Abstract

The objective: to study the effect of the level of plasma apelin in relation to the polymorphism of the farnesyl diphosphate synthase gene and the structural and functional state of bone tissue (SPSCT) in patients with osteoarthritis (OA).Materials and methods. In a comprehensive study of 96 patients with OA, it was found that among all patients who took part in the study, patients with homozygous AA genotype (according to FDPS) prevailed, the frequency of occurrence of which was significantly higher than in patients with heterozygous AS genotype and homozygous SS: 53,1 ± 5.1%, 41.7 ± 5.0% and 5.2 ± 2.3%, respectively (p <0.05).Results. The frequency of patients with a homozygous genotype AA is significantly (almost 8–10 times; p <0.001) higher than the frequency of occurrence of patients with a homozygous SS genotype. In patients with a homozygous SS genotype among patients with OA comorbid with osteoporosis, the level of plasma apelin was significantly higher than in patients with OA with osteopenia: 72.49 ± 3.84 pg/cm3 and 42.97 ± 2.15 pg/cm3 respectively (p <0.05). As a result of the study, the effect of FDPS gene polymorphism on the levels of variability of the concentration of plasma apelin was proved. It should be noted that in patients with OA with the AA genotype without violations of SPSCT, plasma apelin levels differed from patients with osteopenia and significantly exceeded the same indicator in patients of the genotyped group for osteoporosis (p <0.05).Conclusion. The effect of the gene on the frequency and nature of violations of the structural and functional state of bone tissue in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) has been proved: the homozygous AA variant is the most prognostically unfavorable, in the presence of which the formation of combined osteopenia in patients with OA is associated with an increase in the level of plasma apelin, and osteoporosis with its decrease . In this case, an increase in the concentration of apelin in osteopenia can be assessed as transient and used as a prognostic marker.