Abstract
The mixed-oxide system (1 − x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–xPbTiO3 (PMN–xPT) has a simple perovskite structure and exhibits relaxor behavior for 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.30 (low Ti contents). To understand the relaxor state in PMN–xPT, the crystallographic features of the ferroelectric states were investigated via transmission electron microscopy, taking advantage of Friedel’s law failure. Polar regions having 〈110〉C and 〈001〉C components were observed separately both below and near Tm, the maximum temperature of the dielectric permittivity for the relaxor. As a result, the relaxor state for 0 < x ≤ 0.30 was identified as an assembly of nanometer-scale polar domains with rhombohedral symmetry. On the other hand, the ferroelectric states for 0.40 ≤ x ≤ 0.70 are characterized by a ferroelectric MC-type monoclinic state, having a polarization vector in the {100}C planes. Thus, the FR/FMC boundary around x = 0.35 was identified as the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), nearly parallel to the temperature axis.
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