Abstract
Mechanisms of regulation of cardiac rhythm have many individual features, which are conditioned by age, sex, training of the organism, strength and nature of external influence, constitutional features of the organism. The purpose of the work is to determine the relationship between cardiointervalographic indices and parameters of the external structure of the body in highly skilled wrestlers of the mesomorphic somatotype. The study involved 24 wrestlers between the ages of 17 and 21 with a high level of sportsmanship and more than 3 years of experience. All of the wrestlers were of medium weight and engaged in free and Greco-Roman wrestling. We conducted a study of heart rate variability on the cardiac computer diagnostic complex “OPTW” following the recommendations of the European and North American Cardiac Association (1996). The indices of vegetative homeostasis according to Bayevsky, variational heart rate, statistical and spectral cardiointervalographic indicators were determined. Anthropometry was performed according to the method of V.V. Bunak (1941), somatotypological study – by the calculated modification of the Heath-Carter method (1990), determination of the component composition of body weight by the method of Matejko (1992). In the package “STATISTICA 5.5” correlation analysis was performed using the nonparametric Spearman statistical method. It was found that in the wrestlers of the mesomorphic somatotype, the variations of the pulsometry had the highest number and strength of reliable correlations with constitutional parameters, most of which were inverse of the mean force. All statistical indicators of heart rate variability with indicators of the external structure of the body had only inverse significant correlations. The least significant correlations were found for spectral indices and parameters of vegetative homeostasis. According to the results of the correlation analysis in the wrestlers of the mesomorphic somatotype, we can assume that with the increase of total, longitudinal, circumferential, transverse body sizes and muscle and bone mass, the variability of the heart rhythm of the sympathetic department of the autonomic nervous system will be more pronounced.
Highlights
Achieving high athletic performance is closely linked to the effective training of athletes in specialized training centers [8, 24]
After performed correlation analysis, it was found that most indices of variational heart rate with anthropometric parameters of the body had a considerable amount of average strength of reliable connections
The maximum R-R interval in wrestlers correlated with body length (r=-0.41, p=0.050), body weight (r=-0.42, p=0.040), body surface area (r=-0.41, p=0.050), and upperthoracic height (r=-0.46, p=0.023) and finger (r=-0.39, p=0.050) points, width of the distal tibial epiphysis (r=-0.43, p=0.035), hip girth (r=-0.48, p=0.017), interspinous distance (r=-0.40, p=0.050), intercristal (r=-0.41, p=0.049) and intertrochanteric distance (r=-0.53, p=0.007), muscle (r=-0.57, p=0.004) and bone mass (r=-0.40, p=0.050) of the body
Summary
Achieving high athletic performance is closely linked to the effective training of athletes in specialized training centers [8, 24]. The use of excessive daily physical training by young athletes causes a feeling of general fatigue, and requires a significant overall mobilization of all structural and functional resources of the body and systems, which leads to maladaptation, physical overstrain and overtraining [1]. All these factors overstress the mechanisms of adaptation over time lead to a decrease in the protective mechanisms of the body of athletes and provoke diseases. Studies on the relationship between heart rate variability and anthropometric parameters in wrestlers of a particular constitutional type have not been conducted at all
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