Features Of The Influence Of The Initial Level Of Physiological Indicator On The Following Stages Of Development

Abstract

Early school age is a “nodal” age period when the most intensive functional restructuring of organs and systems occurs. Therefore, the period of ontogenesis, which coincides with the beginning of schooling, is the most important social stage in the development of a child. The purpose of our work was to study the significance of the initial level of the indicator, i.e. the level of this indicator at the beginning of the first academic year, for subsequent periods of development. We examined 86 pupils of the secondary school in Cheboksary. The study of the significance of the initial level was carried out by means of a separate study of the dynamics of physiological indicators for individual subgroups, formed on the basis of the levels of these indicators at the beginning of the first grade. The surveyed contingent of schoolchildren was divided into subgroups based on the results of calculating the quartiles of the distribution: 1 quartile - pupils with heart rate values below 80 beats / min at the beginning of the first academic year; quartile 2 - pupils with heart rate values in the range of 80-86 beats / min; 3rd quartile - pupils with heart rate values within 87-92 beats / min; 4th quartile - pupils with heart rate values above 92 beats / min. In pupils of the 1st quartile, by the end of the study period compared to the beginning of the study, there is a slight increase in the mean population and individual mean heart rate (p> 0.05). Schoolchildren of the 2nd quartile and schoolchildren of the 3rd quartile have a slight increase in the studied indicator in the middle and at the end of the first year, then the highest average heart rate is observed at the beginning of the second year of study, and already during the subsequent time, there is a gradual decrease in the average heart rate. The pupils of the 4th quartile had a difference in the dynamics of the average heart rate values as compared with the children of the other three quartiles. In children of the 4th quartile, in contrast to other groups, during the first year of schooling, the studied indicator gradually decreases. During the training period in this group, there is a tendency to decrease the average population and individual average heart rate. Based on the corresponding age physiological norms, the studied contingent of children according to the values of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diasystolic blood pressure (DBP) was divided into two groups: pupils with SBP and DBP values within the normal range; pupils with SBP and DBP values at the level of the lower limit of the norm. For children with relatively low SBP values at the beginning of the first academic year, significant statistically significant fluctuations in the indicator level were revealed during the entire observation period (p < 0.05). In children with SBP values within the normal range at the beginning of the first academic year, the intra-year dynamics was less pronounced. Thus, the study of the significance of the level of functioning of physiological systems at the beginning of school education made it possible to establish the significance of this level for subsequent individual development.