Features of the influence of investment in renewable energy on the population living standard of at the global level

Abstract

The current state and dynamics of global investment in renewable energy on the basis of ecological principles in the world is investigated in this paper. The results of investigated experiences of the leading countries in renewable energy technologies development are given. The authors presented the classification of renewable energy. The directions and features of the use of unconventional and renewable energy sources are substantiated. The authors investigated the volumes of investments in the countries with different levels of development and identified the main leading countries in this field. The main trends in the field of investing in alternative energy sources are formed. While investigating the statistics on total renewable energy investment in 2019 it is determined that the wind energy ranks first with $ 138.2 billion worldwide and solar energy is $ 131.1 billion. Among the smaller sectors, investments in biomass production capacity in 2019 amounted to $ 9.7 billion, in geothermal energy – $ 1 billion, biofuels – about $ 500 million, and small hydropower – $ 1.7 billion. The problem of air pollution, particularly its impact on the health and lives of the population is also considered in this paper. At present air pollution is one of the world's biggest health and environmental protection problems, as well as one of the world's leading risk factors for death, from which about 5 million people die each year. The mortality rate from air pollution is the highest in the countries with low- and middle-income, and the gap between countries with different levels can be more than 100 times. Using the results of economic and mathematical analysis, it is determined that changes of investment in renewable energy sources indirectly affects the population living standards. Thus, on the basis of the carried out research the main problems of investing in the field of alternative energy sources and opportunities for their possible solution in the future are formed.