FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF A CEMENTLESS MATRIX COMPOSITE BASED ON MECHANICALLY ACTIVATED TECHNOGENIC RAW MATERIALS

Abstract

The creation of composite materials using mechanically activated technogenic raw materials is relevant today as part of a large-scale task of construction and technological utilization of technogenic formations. The change in the crystal structure using mechanochemistry increases the activity of technogenic products: the number of coagulation contacts of dissimilar particles increases, increases the plastic strength of the hardening mixture, formation of hydration products is accelerated. The article is devoted to the study of the mechanism of structural and rheological transformations of a cementless hardening system based on activated steelmaking. Steel melting slags were used as raw materials - energy-saturated large-capacity waste of the West-Siberian Metallurgical Combine (Novokuznetsk). As components - activators - waste from the coal industry of the «Abashevskaya» mine (Novokuznetsk) - burnt rocks with heaps and slimes, obtained by neutralization of spent acid battery electrolytes with lime batteries for industrial vehicles. Based on used mechanically activated technogenic raw materials the binder composite material of the matrix structure is obtained. To assess structural and material changes in the hardening system comprehensive physical and chemical studies were carried out: IR - spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and x-ray phase analysis. Electron microscopy investigated the structure of the stone. It was found that the matrix structure of the composite material is a dispersion medium - matrix of dense fine-grained masses calcium sulfate hydrate; dispersed phase from lamellar crystals of quartz and magnesium oxide, and tubular crystals of calcium orthosilicate; and transitional interfacial layer from structured grains of calcium hydrosulfoaluminate. In the process of forming the structure interdependence of phases from each other was accompanied by a sequential transition of some types of structures to others: coagulation→ crystallization- condensation→ crystallization. The article presents the results of the self-organization of the structure, the interaction of oxide systems in the process of hydration is considered, major mineral neoplasms are established, possessing astringent properties and providing strong bonds between structure-forming components.