Features of the diagnosis of miliary forms of tuberculosis

Abstract

Miliary tuberculosis is a special form of the disease with a hematogenous transmission route and multiple lesions of internal organs in the form of tiny tubercles resembling millet grains. This infectious disease is one of the forms of disseminated tuberculous lesion, it has a hematogenous transmission route and develops against the background of mycobacteremia. Miliary tuberculosis accounts for about 2 % of all cases and about 20 % of cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. In children, miliary tuberculosis most often manifests itself against the background of the primary pulmonary process immediately after infection, in adults, as a rule, this form of tuberculosis lesion develops from the reactivation of hematogenous dissemination. Serous membranes, lungs, lymph nodes, kidneys and bones are most often affected. With this form of the disease, the primary stage of lymphogenous lesion is most often absent, and diagnosis presents significant difficulties due to the absence of specific symptoms and a blurred clinical picture of the disease. Against the background of difficulties in diagnosis, very often, treatment measures begin quite late, which can lead to the development of neglected cases and cause death.