Features of the course and therapy of HIV infection in children at different stages of the disease

Abstract

Purpose of the study . Analysis of clinical and laboratory features of the course of HIV infection and antiviral therapy in children at different stages of the disease. Materials and methods. Under supervision in the department of motherhood and childhood there were 90 children with HIV infection, which were divided into 3 groups: 1st group – 35 people. with a diagnosis of HIV infection in the first 2 months of life, group 2 – 25 people. with a diagnosis at the age of 6-12 months and the 3rd group (30 people) with a diagnosis of HIV infection over the age of 2 years. Statistical processing of the research results was carried out using the software package Statistica for Windows (version 8.0). Research results. Early detection of HIV infection and the beginning of antiretroviral therapy (ARVT) led to the absence of clinical manifestations of the disease, low levels of HIV RNA in the blood and normal levels of CD4 lymphocytes, which persisted for 3 years of observation. The detection of HIV infection and the start of ART in the first 6–12 months of life of children was characterized by clinical symptoms up to CNS damage, high levels of HIV RNA in the blood, moderate decrease in CD4 lymphocytes, with normalization after 3–6 months of treatment and after 3 years of observation. Late diagnosis of HIV infection in children – over 2 years of age is characterized by severe forms of the disease with secondary manifestations – AIDS in 20,0% of cases, low rates of CD4 lymphocytes, damage to the central nervous system with the formation of spastic diplegia, and slow recovery of immunity. The use of the drug Viferon, rectal suppositories in the combined treatment of EBV-mononucleosis and a generalized form of CMV infection allows the early treatment of the main symptoms of herpes virus infections and normalization of laboratory parameters. Conclusion Our prospective study showed that mother-tochild transmission of HIV was realized due to the absence of the first stage of chemoprophylaxis (during pregnancy), and was also aggravated in 9 cases (10,0%) by breastfeeding. The severity of the clinical manifestations of HIV infection, the levels of CD4-lymphocytes and HIV RNA in the blood directly depend on the period of detection and the initiation of ART in children. The inclusion of human recombinant interferon alpha-2b with antioxidants (Viferon rectal suppositories) in the etiopathogenetic therapy of comorbid herpes virus diseases (EBV-mononucleosis, a generalized form of CMV infection) is effective and safe.