Features of the constitutional and legal regulation of the linguistic rights of national minorities in the Russian Federation

Abstract

The object of the research in the framework of the article was the social relations developing in the sphere of the realization of the linguistic rights of representatives of national minorities in the Russian Federation. The subject was the provisions of the Constitution, which enshrines the legal regime for the implementation and protection of the linguistic rights of representatives of national minorities. As an additional subject for analysis, the provisions of individual federal laws that are in connection with the constitutional and legal regulation of the linguistic rights of national minorities were used. Special attention was paid to the problems of correlation and differentiation of the languages of the peoples of Russia. Some problems of differentiation of subjects of competence between the Russian Federation and the subjects of the Russian Federation were also identified. The main conclusions formulated based on the results of the analysis were the following: The provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation in the relevant sphere are represented by two large blocks of norms, one of which is located in Chapter 2, and the second in Chapter 3. At the same time, the provisions of Chapter 2 of the Constitution establish common language rights and state guarantees in the sphere of their free exercise. These rights are universal and belong to all citizens regardless of their nationality. The key features of the constitutional and legal regulation of the linguistic rights of national minorities are concentrated in Chapter 3 of the Constitution, which establishes the duties of public authorities in the field of protecting the linguistic rights of national minorities, as well as establishes the possibility of giving official status to languages at the level of national republics that are part of the Russian Federation and guarantees the protection of the languages of all peoples of Russia. The study revealed a problem consisting in the fact that certain uncertainties and contradictions occur in the relevant provisions of the Constitution, which negatively affect the degree of protection of the linguistic rights of national minorities. Proposals to eliminate such problems predetermined the scientific novelty of this study.