Features of the anatomy of the right half of the heart in the common Gogol (Bucephala clangula)

Abstract

The common goldeneye (Bucephala clangula) is a sea duck that belongs to the order Anseriformes and the family Anatidae. Due to their lifestyle, they are able to hold their breath for up to 30 minutes and dive to a depth of 10 meters. Such a load on the duck’s body contributes not only to the restructuring of morphological structures, but also to increased heart function. An analysis of the sources showed that the morphology of the heart in mammals and birds has been studied, but no work on the morphology of the right half of the heart in the common goldeneye was found, which was the purpose of our study. The material was hearts from male common goldeneye – 1.5-2 years old (n=3), caught in the bay of the Angara River. Thus, the cardiac index in the common goldeneye was determined to be 83%, and the presence of epicardial fat was noted on the side of the coronary and paroconal sulcus. The right ventricle is located above the level of the apex of the left ventricle, and 70.7% surrounds the borders of the left ventricle. The free appendages of the atrium are formed with the participation of eight pectineal muscles, which in the form of a ridge begin from the muscular valve, and dorsomedially closer to the atrial sinus, become thinner and unite at one point. The length of the pectineal muscle’s ranges at 8.2±0.54 mm, thickness 0.83±0.02 mm. The right ventricle is separated from the atrium by a muscular valve, which has its own characteristics of fastening, where its high part extends from the level of the subsinus groove (interventricular septum), forms the parietal part of the atrioventricular orifice and at the level of the vascular cone narrows slightly and is fixed in two parts to the wall of the ventricle. On the side of the right ventricle, trabeculae are expressed only under the muscular valve, where the crossbars are directed from left to right and downward, from its narrowing. The crossbars are 6.9±0.23 long and 0.83±0.03 mm wide, with jumpers up to 1 mm.